How has Covid affected cargo movement through DXB?
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In 2020, Dubai International airport handled 18.4 million tons of cargo, down 23% from the 23.8 million tons handled in 2019. While it is quite likely the largest year-over-year decline in cargo witnessed at DXB, the percentage decrease is significantly less than the drop of 70% in passenger numbers experienced in 2020 . Essentially, trade in goods continued even though people stopped travelling.
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Cargo volumes handled at DXB actually peaked in 2017 at 25.1 million tons, falling by 1% in 2018 and another 4% in 2019. Some of this decline was counterbalanced by increasing volumes at Maktoum International Airport.
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What sectors did well in Saudi Arabia in 2020, and what sectors were hit by Covid?
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Having grown by 0.3% in 2019, Saudi's gross domestic product declined by 4.1% in 2020, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Only a few sectors escaped recession in 2020: real estate, government services, non-oil mining and quarrying, and finance. Even in the fastest growing sector, finance, growth was slight, at 1.3% year-over-year.
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Outside of oil and gas, and petroleum refining, the sectors most affected in 2020 by the pandemic were transport and communication (down 6.0% year-over-year), manufacturing (down 5.4% year-over-year), and wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels (down 4.8% year-over-year). While these outcomes are obviously bad, they do, in fact, reflect a reasonably robust recovery of the economy as the year progressed.
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Where was more money spent in Saudi Arabia in 2020, and where was less?
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As a whole, the Saudi economy shrank by 4.1% in 2020; which means that 4.1% less was spent on goods and services produced in Saudi and items imported into the Kingdom in 2020 than in 2019. In fact, only the Saudi government consumed more last year than in the year before. This no doubt reflects the fiscal support provided to the economy to alleviate the effects of the lockdown on people's livelihoods.
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While government consumption spending increased, private consumption expenditure declined by 6.4%; and investment fell by 13.5% year-over-year. As the economy recovers, we should expect to see a release of pent-up consumer demand and a rebound in investment, in line with the government's plans to grow the economy and diversify it away from oil.
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How is DXB doing in 2021 so far?
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Monthly passenger numbers through Dubai International airport fell off a cliff in the Spring of 2020 as the world went into lockdown. In particular, numbers in April and May 2020 were 99% lower than in the same months in 2019!
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As 2019 progressed, numbers started to increase. In December, perhaps a reflection of Dubai's willingness to allow tourists to visit, there were 22 million passengers using DXB, 72% lower than in December 2019, but much improved from earlier in the year.
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Activity in January and February 2021 continued at the same relative levels as December 2020, with passengers numbers around 25% of normal levels.
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How has DXB been affected by Covid19?
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As one of the world's major airports, it is to be expected that passenger numbers dropped precipitously in 2020. For the full year, 26 million passengers passed through the airport, 70% reduced from the 88 million recorded in 2019.
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Passenger numbers have grown strongly in recent years, up from 71 million in 2014, a compound annual growth rate of 4.3%. That said, it is noticeable that numbers where slightly lower in 2019 than in 2018. Given growing tourist numbers, the decline in 2019 probably reflects a fall in Dubai's through traffic; with increasing competition coming from other airports vying for regional hub status.
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What happened to Saudi Arabia's economy in 2020?
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Overall in 2020, Saudi Arabia's gross domestic product shrunk by 4.1%; it's worst performance since 1987. Given the impact of Covid, this was fully expected. In fact, performance in the non-oil economy was better than expected, with Saudi reporting a 2.3% decline year-over-year in non-oil activities.
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Total oil production was down 6.7% year over year, reflecting the decision by the government to cut production and support the oil price. Taking into account cuts in 2017 and 2019 (and in increase in 2018), production in 2020 was about 10% less than 2016.
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How did Qatar's economy perform to end Q3 2020?
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Like much of the rest of the world, Qatar's economy struggled during 2020, when major lockdowns were in place to fight Covid-19. The largest slowdown in growth was experienced in Q2, with non-oil GDP shrinking by 9.1% when compared to Q2 2019. Activity started to grow again in Q3; such that for the first three quarters combined of 2020, non-oil GDP was 3.5% smaller than 2019.
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The worst performing sectors up to the end of Q3 2020 year-over-year were hotels and restaurants, transport and communication, and wholesale and retail trade; precisely as one would expect given the impact of the pandemic.

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How much cheaper has it become to stay in a hotel in Abu Dhabi?
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Average daily rates in Abu Dhabi, as with Dubai, have fallen in the last few years as a result of increased supply. In 2012, for instance, the average daily rate across the city was AED 453; by 2019 it had fallen by 19% to AED 369. In 2020, as a result of Covid-19, daily rates fell by another 24% to AED 279.
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Declines in average daily rates, revenue per available room and occupancy in Abu Dhabi have not been as steep as in Dubai. However, the overall rates throughout the period have been significantly lower. The average daily rate between 2012 and 2019 in Abu Dhabi was AED 409; in Dubai, it was AED 733.
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